In accordance with the International Plant Protection Convention and International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) No. 15, the disinfection of quarantined products is mandatory during export and import. This applies to wood products, dried fruits and vegetables, cotton fiber, seeds, cereals, and other goods. To prevent the spread of quarantine and dangerous pests internationally and within the country, these materials must be treated using fumigants (Phostoxin) or heat treatment.
Phytosanitary control and plant quarantine activities aim to improve the health of agricultural crops through timely measures to protect plants from pests, diseases, and weeds. A critical component of this activity is the recovery of quarantined materials affected by harmful organisms through disinfection (fumigation).
The Republican Fumigation Squad works in close cooperation with food safety specialists at border crossing points and regional centers to prevent the entry and spread of harmful organisms within the country. The primary goal of fumigation is to ensure that agricultural products are free from insect pests.
Fumigation can be implemented at various stages of the supply chain:
As part of the production or packaging process;
After packaging for transport or during storage;
At centralized logistics hubs and warehouses;
Upon arrival (before or after unloading).
Factors such as humidity, temperature, and pressure are considered to ensure the effectiveness of fumigation. Disinfection is carried out in containers, railway wagons, storage warehouses, and vehicles. As long-distance trade requires cargo safety, treating goods directly in transport vessels is essential.
In Tajikistan, two main methods are used:
Heat Treatment: Wood products are treated at temperatures between 60°C and 70°C using electric heating elements.
Chemical Method: Utilizing Phostoxin tablets (containing 56–57% aluminum phosphide). When exposed to oxygen, it releases a toxic gas that eradicates pests.
During the process, staff are equipped with special clothing and gas masks, strictly following safety protocols. The duration of disinfection varies from 24 to 120 hours depending on the temperature, after which the facilities or containers are sealed.
Domestic entrepreneurs involved in import and export are encouraged to utilize the services of the Republican Fumigation Squad of the Food Safety Committee to comply with phytosanitary requirements, prevent economic risks, and ensure the food security of the nation.
Chief Specialist of the Republican Fumigation Squad
Nosirzoda J.S.
